COP16 and COP29: How Are They Redefining the Future of Biodiversity and Climate Change?

COP16 - Cali, 2024: Biodiversity as the Central Focus

Conservation of 30% of global ecosystems: Countries agreed to advance toward this goal, with an emphasis on areas critical to biodiversity.
Inclusion of Indigenous communities: Mechanisms were consolidated to respect and draw on their ancestral knowledge.
Insufficient funding: Although financial commitments were made, they remain lower than what is needed to implement the Biodiversity Framework.

Increased funding: It was agreed to triple climate financing for developing countries, reaching $300 billion per year by 2035. In addition, an ambitious goal of $1.3 trillion per year was set, combining public and private sources.
Agreements on Carbon Markets (Article 6 of the Paris Agreement): The final rules for carbon markets under Article 6 were established, enabling trade between countries and the creation of a centralized credit mechanism. The new mechanism includes mandatory safeguards to protect human and environmental rights, such as the informed consent of Indigenous Peoples.
Climate Adaptation: A support program was launched for the implementation of NAPs in developing countries, and the mandate of the Working Group on Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities was renewed, recognizing their leadership in climate solutions.
Transparency: 13 countries have submitted their first reports under the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF), a key step in assessing financial needs and strengthening climate policies.
Participation of civil society, youth, and gender: A youth-led forum was held, where even children participated as moderators and speakers. The Lima Work Programme on Gender and Climate Change was extended for 10 years, and it was agreed to develop a new gender action plan at COP30.

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